How to Make Two Lines in One Cell in Excel

The lymphoid cell line consists of those blood cells that begin in the bone marrow in a process called hematopoiesis, and descend from a common lymphoid stem cell.

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Hematopoiesis

The production of all "blood cells" begins in the bone marrow in a process known as hematopoiesis. In this process, all types of blood cells originate from a hematopoietic stem cell. This original cell, also called a multipotent stem cell, can be likened to Adam in the bible, as the "father cell" from which all other blood cells are spawned. These cells are also called pluripotent stem cells, meaning they have the potential to become many different types of cells.

The first specialization of cells occurs when this pluripotent cell follows one of two development pathways called cell lines. The pluripotent stem cell can differentiate into either the myeloid cell line or the lymphoid cell line.

Lymphoid Stem Cell - Lymphoblast

The lymphoid cell line begins with a lymphoid stem cell, also known as a lymphoblast or lymphoid progenitor cell. This is a major fork in the road as all cells in this line begin with a lymphoid progenitor cell, whereas all cells in the myeloid line (such as neutrophils, macrophages, and red blood cells) begin with a myeloid progenitor cell.

Lymphoid Cell Line Cells

The lymphoid progenitor cell (lymphoblast) can subsequently differentiate further into more specialized cells which include:

• B lymphocytes - B lymphocytes or "B cells work to protect your body from infections by producing antibodies.
• T lymphocytes - T lymphocytes, or "T cells" are cells in the immune system that find, kill, and organize a war against foreign matter such as bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells.
• Natural killer cell - Natural killer cells are aggressive cells of the immune system that act to eliminate cancer cells and virus-infected cells.

Lymphoid Cell Line and Immunity

Lymphoid lineage cells make up about 15% of the cells in healthy bone marrow. Hematopoietic stem cells are continuously differentiating into lymphoid progenitor cells which in turn continually differentiate into the mature cells which make up the lymphoid cell line. It's estimated that the bone marrow turns out at least 100 million white blood cells per hour.

Lymphoid Malignancies

Cancers involving cells in the lymphoid line include:

Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas consist of a diverse group of lymphomas that can involve either B cells or T cells. These cancers are ranked in the top 10 causes of cancer-related deaths for both men and for women.

Hodgkin Lymphomas

Hodgkin lymphomas are also fairly common cancers, with rates highest among teens and young adults (ages 15 to 39 years) as well as older adults (ages 75 years or older).

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a cancer that involves lymphoblasts, which are the cells that go on to become B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. It is most common in children under age 10 but can occur in adults, too.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most common leukemia in adults. It a type of cancer that affects mostly B lymphocytes in people in the United States. T cell CLL, in contrast, is more common in parts of Japan.

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Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

1. National Cancer Institute. SEER cancer stat facts: non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Bethesda, MD. Updated April 2019.

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lymphoma. Updated May 28, 2019.

Additional Reading

• Liang, H., and J. Zuniga-Pflucker. Hematopoiesis: From Start to Immune Reconstitution Potential.Stem Cell Research & Therapy. 2015. DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0051-z
• Liu, A., Wang, Y., Ding, Y. et al. Cutting Edge: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion and Common Lymphoid Progenitor Depletion Require Hematopoietic-Derived, Cell-Autonomous TLR4 in a Model of Chronic Endotoxin.Journal of Immunology. 2015. 196(6):2524-8.
• Sieff, C. Overview of Hematopoiesis and Stem Cell Function. UpToDate. Updated 05/26/15. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-hematopoiesis-and-stem-cell-function

How to Make Two Lines in One Cell in Excel

Source: https://www.verywellhealth.com/lymphoid-cell-line-overview-4114643

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